Hypercalcaemia

Description

Hypercalcaemia is a condition caused by increased calcium levels. The higher the calcium levels and the faster its level rises, the more severe will be the symptoms. When present, symptoms are caused by dehydration secondary to urinary losses of calcium, water and other electrolytes, and to an increase in membrane potential caused by the elevation in extracellular fluid ionized calcium concentration. Patients with moderate to severe hypercalcaemia often complain of nausea and vomiting, symptoms likely related to dehydration as well as to the effects of the hypercalcaemia on central nervous system function. Because hypercalcaemia tends to hyperpolarize membranes, a range of neurologic and neuromuscular signs and symptoms can occur. Patients with mild hypercalcaemia often complain of fatigue, depressed mood and asthenia. Gastrointestinal motility is impaired; this commonly results in constipation.

Exclusions from above levels

• 18 – Pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium
• http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1004987305 – Transitory endocrine or metabolic disorders specific to fetus or newborn