Catalog

Meningitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae

No MMS code

Link to WHO Definition

Meningitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae – http://id.who.int/icd/entity/2131706649

Inflammation of the pia and arachnoid and spinal fluid associated with S. agalactiae (group B streptococcus) infection. The infection is usually seen in the early (first week) or late (weeks 2-4) neonatal period. S. agalactiae is the commonest cause of septicaemia and meningitis in the newborn. Meningitis may be difficult to diagnose as there may be nonspecific signs of a systemic illness with fever, irritability, drowsiness, vomiting, and convulsions. Stiff neck may be absent. A bulging fontanelle may be present and alert to an underlying meningitis. A high index of suspicion and liberal use of lumbar puncture are keys to early diagnosis. Diagnosis is confirmed by CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) examination, blood culture, and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The spinal fluid usually shows an elevated pressure, a predominantly neutrophilic leukocytosis (usually 1000 – 10 000 cells / ml) an elevated protein level, and a decreased glucose content. 15 – 30 % of infants who survive meningitis show neurological sequelae, including blindness, deafness, and mental retardation.