Hypertensive retinopathy

Description

Hypertensive retinopathy is the most common ocular presentation of hypertension. The arteriosclerotic changes of hypertensive retinopathy are caused by chronically elevated blood pressure. Hypertensive retinopathy includes 2 disease processes; the acute and chronic effects. The acute effect of systemic arterial hypertension are a result of vasospasm to autoregulate perfusion. The chronic effects of hypertension are caused by arteriosclerosis and predispose patients to visual loss from complications of vascular occlusions or macroaneurysms.

Index terms

Hypertensive retinopathy
Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 1, mild arteriolar narrowing, broadening of arteriolar light reflex
hypertensive retinopathy, Stage 1

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Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 2, focal arteriolar narrowing, marked generalised arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, opacity, “copper wiring” of arteriolar wall, or a combination of these signs
hypertensive retinopathy, Stage 2
Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 3, haemorrhage, blot, dot, or flame-shaped, microaneurysm, cotton-wool spot, hard exudate, or combination of these signs
hypertensive retinopathy, Stage 3
Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 4, signs of stage 3 retinopathy plus swelling of the optic disk
hypertensive retinopathy, Stage 4

Exclusions from above levels

01 – Certain infectious or parasitic diseases
05 – Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases
18 – Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

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19 – Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period
22 – Injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes
8A21.0 – Posterior cortical atrophy

Sibling codes

Foundation entity

Hypertensive retinopathy – http://id.who.int/icd/entity/218513628

Allowed postcoordination axes

Part of: 9B71: Retinopathy › 09: Diseases of the visual system